z.B. . Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). ( Mac / Adobe Stock) Transylvanian Fortified Churches as Heritage of Saxon Settlers . Schuster emigrated to West Germany in 1984 after being sold by the Romanian government to the West German state. Valea Viilor (German: Wurmloch) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church, Saschiz (German: Keisd or Hnenburg) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church, Viscri (German: Weisskirch) Evangelical Lutheran medieval fortified church, The Mongol invasion of 124142 devastated much of the Kingdom of Hungary. As Hungarian subjects before World War I, German-speaking Transylvanian elites, predominantly Lutheran clergy and professionals, and known locally as the Literati,1 protected their cultural, political, and economic interests under The militia banner of the Saxons from Heldsdorf (Romanian: Hlchiu), Braov County during the 184849 Hungarian Revolution, Distribution of Saxons in Transylvania at the end of the 19th century, Saxon couple (late 19th century illustration), Saxon couple from Sibiu/Hermannstadt area, c. 1900. However: surname spelling has only recently become fixed, and people sometimes Liste von Ortschaften in . It is believed to have Jute origin. When people lived in small groups, they didn't need permanent surnames as we In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). Transylvanian Saxons The saga of a civilization in 4 parts: colonization, splendor, decline and today's touristic heritage Underdeveloped country seeking investors - this was the slogan of Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism. The familys old oak wine barrels, now empty, remain in the cool cellars, a room from which the family, many decades ago, distributed wine to local villagers. curiosity factor. He described the Transylvanian Saxons, who had for centuries preserved their language and customs among foreign peoples, as enlightened colonists par excellence. Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. Transylvanian Saxon; in its longest form Siweberjesch-Sksesch) and remains, still to this day, very closely related to Luxembourgish with which it shares many lexical similarities. Their native dialect, Transylvanian Saxon (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch, German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch, Romanian: Dialectul ssesc) is close to Luxembourgish. We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. . Ihrer Suche! After the end of World War I, on 8 January 1919, the representatives of the Transylvanian Saxons decided to support the unification of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. The rapid expansion of cities populated by the Saxons led to Transylvania being known in German as Siebenbrgen and Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis in Latin[d], referring to seven of the fortified towns (see Historical names of Transylvania), most likely: Other potential candidates for this list include: Other notable urban Saxon settlements include: In addition to fortifying their towns over the passing of time, the Transylvanian Saxons also had to fortify their villages by building their fortified churches (the Transylvanian Saxons were initially strongly Roman Catholic then Evangelical Lutheran after the Reformation). This 4-day tour takes you through the Carpathian Mountains and on to the Transylvanian plain as it shows you a legendary castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Village, a German fortified city and a former European Capital of Culture. The destination is usually supposed to have been Prignitz, Uckermark, and Pomerania, but a minor alternative theory suggests settlement in Transylvania.[24][25][26]. Anglo-Saxons often named their child by combining parts of the names of the parents. . They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. Hello all, I am wondering if you have any recommendations for any material on this language. The word means 'god-given' or ' gift of God .'. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. Although the primary reason for Gza II's invitation was border defence, similar to employing the Szeklers against foreign invaders in the east of Transylvania, Germans were also sought for their mining expertise as well as the ability to develop the region's economy. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Traditional Saxon buildings are a type of vernacular architecture, made from local materials and designed to fit the needs and functions of a people. (Bhlau Verlag, Kln), 1976. changed their name! For example, if the father was named Aelfwald . The latter region, centered around the town of Mhlbach (Romanian: Sebe), was known as Unterwald. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. The churches were positioned on high points overlooking the communities; stone structures punctuated with watchtowers and surrounded by high defensive stone walls. Although many of these fortified churches have fallen into either decay or ruin, nowadays the south-eastern region of Transylvania still has one of the highest density of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries[30] as more than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches in good shape, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania. Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Nearly 150,000 Romanians have this last name. The Sachsenheim Originally a house purchased by the Transylvanian Saxons Sick Benefits Society in 1907, the Sachsenheim underwent major renovations in 1910 and 1925. Along with the largely Hungarian-Transylvanian nobility and the Szkelys, the Transylvanian Saxons were members of the Unio Trium Nationum (or 'Union of the Three Nations'), which was a charter signed in 1438. For decades, the main . Saxons in Wallachia also settled in Rmnic (i.e. Most Common Romanian Surnames You should do something with this heritage by preserving it, put it in line for other people, especially for tourists, in 10 or 20 years it can be a sustainable model, said Schuster, who describes these buildings as part of her inner landscape. It . people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or . The legal foundation of their settlement in southern, southeastern, and northeastern Transylvania was officially stipulated within the Diploma Andreanum (German: Der Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbrger Sachsen, English: The Golden Charter of the Transylvanian Saxons, Romanian: Carta de aur a sailor transilvneni) issued by King Andrew II of Hungary which allocated them the royal land (Romanian: Pmntul criesc or Pmntul regal) under local autonomy known as Knigsboden or Fundus Regius in Latin. For more than a hundred years starting in the 2nd century, the region in what is now Romania-comprised of the Transylvanian Basin and the lands to the south-was the Roman province of Dacia.Prior to this, the region had been settled by Indo-Europeans, which the Greeks called the Getae, who then intermingled with other tribes that the Romans . Als Gemeinschaften grer wurden, und Leute beweglicher oder Familien-Namen (Fritz Keintzel-Schn), Editura Academiei Bucuresti national costumes or Schsische Trachten). Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . . associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database Old High German or Middle High German). wahrscheinlich im frhen Mittelalter verloren.). Building them was a shared community effort and worthy journey, but it hasnt been easy. . Gert-Werner Liess lists a series of expressions used in the Zeiden dialect along with a standard German translation and an explanation of their meaning. The first superintendent of the Saxons Evangelical Church, Paul Wiener, was elected by Saxon pastors at a synod on 6 February 1553.[28]. It was written and composed in the mid 19th century. Hence, taking in consideration the aforementioned regarding the Saxon title in high medieval Transylvania, the Transylvanian Saxons' ethnic consciousness subsequently solidified after the first waves of settlers from Western Europe arrived in Transylvania and was further reinforced or revitalised with new settlers from central and southern present-day Germany during the Modern Age, more specifically during the 19th century. present-day Rmnicu Vlcea) and Piteti (German: Pitesk). mi.). The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Unterabteile des Websites kann man durch die Drop-Down-Liste Allegedly, the term Saxon was applied to all Germans of these historical regions because the first German settlers who came to the Kingdom of Hungary were either poor miners or groups of convicts from Saxony.[23]. extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). I have given after each surname the modern Romanian translation of the elements; most of these translations are probably accurate for medieval Romanian, but I cannot say for sure. Members of the Transylvania Saxon community are working to restore the regions traditional architecture (Credit: Stephen McGrath). [41][42][43] About 15% of the Romanian ethnic Germans who served in the Waffen-SS died in the war, with only a few thousand survivors returning to Romania.[44]. The surprising story of the Basque language, sign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter. beschreiben oder auch ihre Persnlichkeit und Manierismen). The church is surrounded by walls 12 meters (40 feet) high and four meters (10 feet) thick. Its a lively event attended by throngs of locals. Nonetheless, a sizable Transylvanian Saxon population also resides today in North America, most notably in the United States (specifically in Idaho, Ohio, and Colorado as well as in Canada, southern Ontario more precisely). 8. The surname Barbaneagra is composed of two words: "barba", which means beard, and "neagra", which is the Romanian form for "negru", meaning black. Because they are considered Auslandsdeutsche ("Germans from abroad") by the German government, the Saxons have the right to German citizenship under the law of return. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf Pejmer and its shelter rooms. . John the Saxon), Johannes Benkner (a former mayor of Braov/Kronstadt), or Astrid Fodor (current mayor of Sibu/Hermannstadt). Michael Wei, former mayor of Media/Mediasch. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Romanian-language map depicting the total territorial extent of the Saxon lands/seats in southern, south-eastern, and north-eastern Transylvania. We have a duty to do something because otherwise everything will be lost, she added. Saxons came to Transylvania during the mid 1100s from . Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. . The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. The earliest religious organization of the Saxons was the Provostship of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu), founded 20 December 1191. Eastern settlement). However, over the past few decades the community has all but vanished from the region decimated by one of modern Europes greatest ethnic migrations. u. Transylvania in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. . Mehr Siebenbrgische Familiennamen Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . The similarities with Luxembourgish are both in lexical nature and grammar nature. An Outline of Transsilvanian-Saxon History by Klaus Popa, MA Arhivirano 2021-01-22 na Wayback Machine. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). Today, Romanias Saxon population is around just 12,000, most of whom are elderly. British Surnames (National Institute) Zakel has traced her family history in this village as far back as the 17th Century. [16] Later on, the Saxons needed to further fortify both their rural and urban settlements against invading Ottomans (or against the invading and expanding Ottoman Empire). ISBN 3-412-01576-8. . Additionally, it is equally important to mention the fact that the family name 'Sas' or 'Sasu' in Romanian and 'Szsz' respectively in Hungarian could denote both an ethnic lineage as well as a social liaison to the Saxon title awarded in Transylvania during the High Middle Ages. Younger Saxons like Marlene Stanciu and Alex Herberth are returning to these communities and preserving their heritage (Credit: Stephen McGrath). Read about our approach to external linking. work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a While most Transylvanian roads are heavily potholed or unpaved, the Transfgran . . 18ten Jahrhunderten von anderen Gegenden zu diesem Gebiet, Beside the home-grown surnames, the list of Transylvanian names also includes the surnames To the north of Hermannstadt they settled what they called the Weinland including the village of Nympz (Latin for Nema/Nimesch) near Mediasch (Romanian: Media). Prejmer is the largest fortified church in southeastern Europe and among the most impressive Saxon citadels. Paul Milata: Zwischen Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu. Most colonists to this area came from Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Ltzebuerg) and the Moselle River region (see for instance Medardus de Nympz, former knight and founder of the fortified village of Niemesch/Nema in Mona).[22]. Join more than three million BBC Travel fans by liking us onFacebook, or follow us onTwitterandInstagram. The anthem is also known as Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (literally Transylvania, land of blessings).[57]. Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. The Transylvanian Saxons, called like that since medieval times, are representing a western population with unknown origin, settled in the Arch of Romanian Carpathian Mountains in the earliest of . German merchants arrived in the 12th century to help defend the region against the Tatars and Turks. Each person in a family might have a different descriptive identifier and those The rural settlements were more protected with a series of fortified churches known as 'kirchenburgen' in standard German. In 1945 more than 70,000 Transylvanian Saxons were apprehended by Soviet occupiers and deported to labour camps in Siberia. The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . The period of Roman decline in the northwest area of the empire was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . [49] Another example of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon dish is kipferl (Romanian: cornulee) which can be filled with vanilla, many types of fruit jams, but also with meat. [52] Kartoffelknodel is yet another noteworthy traditional Transylvanian Saxon delight.[53]. Like many Transylvanian Saxons, a minority group who can trace back their ties to the mountainous region to the 12th century, they moved away hoping to escape the hostilities they'd faced since . First recorded as a surname in Staffordshire, England, but refers to a village in Normandy called Rugles. That area was important for mining in the Middle Ages. 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