268, 2: PL 38 232, ct alibi. nothing to dislike. Christ, becoming obedient even unto death and because of this exalted by the Father,(206) entered into the glory of His kingdom. Can. [1] By the ministry of the word they communicate God's power to those who believe unto salvation(168) and through the sacraments, the regular and fruitful distribution of which they regulate by their authority,(56*) they sanctify the faithful. (3) Cfr. The word "only" takes in all cases. 71 (72):10; Is. Gaudium et spes (Ecclesiastical Latin: [audi.um et spes], "Joy and Hope"), the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, is one of the four constitutions resulting from the Second Vatican Council in 1965. (159)(28*) This college, insofar as it is composed of many, expresses the variety and universality of the People of God, but insofar as it is assembled under one head, it expresses the unity of the flock of Christ. III, q. (122) This characteristic of universality which adorns the people of God is a gift from the Lord Himself. Thus are fulfilled the words of God, spoken through His prophet: "From the rising of the sun until the going down thereof my name is great among the gentiles, and in every place a clean oblation is sacrificed and offered up in my name". (18*) And the Sacred Council teaches that by Episcopal consecration the fullness of the sacrament of Orders is conferred, that fullness of power, namely, which both in the Church's liturgical practice and in the language of the Fathers of the Church is called the high priesthood, the supreme power of the sacred ministry. (18) Cfr. Because of this gift of sublime grace she far surpasses all creatures, both in heaven and on earth. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathers together in . Encycl. 35. On account of this sharing in their priesthood and mission, let priests sincerely look upon the bishop as their father and reverently obey him. Constitutiones Apostolorum, 8, 28, 4: ed. Sagnard, Sources Chr., p 398. Pius XII, Litt. A bishop, since he is sent by the Father to govern his family, must keep before his eyes the example of the Good Shepherd, who came not to be ministered unto but to minister,(170) and to lay down his life for his sheep. Humani genesis, 12 Aug. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) p. 571. assim. (22*) But it exhorts theologians and preachers of the divine word to abstain zealously both from all gross exaggerations as well as from petty narrow-mindedness in considering the singular dignity of the Mother of God. Marietti, II, n. 46-Sieut constituitur unum eorpus ex nitate animae, ita Ecelesia ex unil atc Spiritus.. (9) Leo XIII, Litt. Apost. 938 (1739-40). A person is initiated into God's people not by physical birth, but by a . 29. 25, De invocatione Sanctorum: Denz. Mc lc. Chapter 1. Miserentissimus Redemptor, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 171 s. Pius XII Alloc. Encycl. Orientalium Ecclesiarum, Decree On the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite, 1964. A council is never ecumenical unless it is confirmed or at least accepted as such by the successor of Peter; and it is prerogative of the Roman Pontiff to convoke these councils, to preside over them and to confirm them. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. They should preserve the bond of priestly communion, and they should abound in every spiritual good and thus present to all men a living witness to God. 1890 AAS 22 (1889-90) p. 392. By His obedience He brought about redemption. Rom. 582-583. For this reason the laity, dedicated to Christ and anointed by the Holy Spirit, are marvelously called and wonderfully prepared so that ever more abundant fruits of the Spirit may be produced in them. (169) This power, which they personally exercise in Christ's name, is proper, ordinary and immediate, although its exercise is ultimately regulated by the supreme authority of the Church, and can be circumscribed by certain limits, for the advantage of the Church or of the faithful. They also know that they were not ordained by Christ to take upon themselves alone the entire salvific mission of the Church toward the world. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. Encycl. Miserentissimus, 8 maii 1928: AAS 20 (1928) p. 178. And as they sanctify and govern under the bishop's authority, that part of the Lord's flock entrusted to them they make the universal Church visible in their own locality and bring an efficacious assistance to the building up of the whole body of Christ. 32; PL 2, 53. These in their turn should enthusiastically lend their joint assistance to their pastors and teachers. original document, nor is it a "translation" of Lumen Gentium. 65, a. Funk, I, p. 400. (3) Cfr. (52) Really partaking of the body of the Lord in the breaking of the Eucharistic bread, we are taken up into communion with Him and with one another. 184, a. Consequently, even when preoccupied with temporal cares, the laity can and must perform a work of great value for the evangelization of the world. (66*) Partakers of the function of Christ the sole Mediator,(178) on their level of ministry, they announce the divine word to all. For the members of the people of God are called to share these goods in common, and of each of the Churches the words of the Apostle hold good: "According to the gift that each has received, administer it to one another as good stewards of the manifold grace of God".(123). This is beyond the measure of the commandments, but is done in order to become more fully like the obedient Christ. Vat. 184, a. S. Ambrosius, In Ps. Umbratilem, 8 iul. 165 (353). (20) Conc. In LG 16, the council addresses the important question regarding the possible fate of the unevangelized who, through no fault of their ownthe invincibly ignoranthave failed to respond to the Gospel. (43) Cfr. (162) And that duty, which the Lord committed to the shepherds of His people, is a true service, which in sacred literature is significantly called "diakonia" or ministry. Innocentius I, Epist. THE ESCHATOLOGICAL NATURE OF THE PILGRIM CHURCH AND ITS UNION WITH THE CHURCH IN HEAVEN, 48. in Apoc. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. Reviewed in the United States on December 16, 2021. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. Though few are presented such an opportunity, nevertheless all must be prepared to confess Christ before men. 1, 8: PG 96, 712 BC-713 A. Epist. They must be prepared to make this profession of faith even in the midst of persecutions, which will never be lacking to the Church, in following the way of the cross. Rob. (16) By the power of the Gospel He makes the Church keep the freshness of youth. (25) From this source the Church, equipped with the gifts of its Founder and faithfully guarding His precepts of charity, humility and self-sacrifice, receives the mission to proclaim and to spread among all peoples the Kingdom of Christ and of God and to be, on earth, the initial budding forth of that kingdom. Deut. 1. For, as St. Irenaeus says, she "being obedient, became the cause of salvation for herself and for the whole human race. Let no one think that religious have become strangers to their fellowmen or useless citizens of this earthly city by their consecration. (12*) It is charity which guides us to our final end. Joined with Christ in the Church and signed with the Holy Spirit "who is the pledge of our inheritance",(245) truly we are called and we are sons of God(246) but we have not yet appeared with Christ in glory,(247) in which we shall be like to God, since we shall see Him as He is. Eneyel. Haer. ad Episcopol Geraniae, 12 mart. This very diversity of graces, ministries and works gathers the children of God into one, because "all these things are the work of one and the same Spirit".(195). 3, q. It is through the sacraments and the exercise of the virtues that the sacred nature and organic structure of the priestly community is brought into operation. The phrase "with the consent of its head" is used to avoid the idea of dependence on some kind of outsider; the term "consent" suggests rather communion between the head and the members, and implies the need for an act which belongs properly to the competence of the head. "(12*) All the Church's children should remember that their exalted status is to be attributed not to their own merits but to the special grace of Christ. S. Augustinus, De Dono Persev. Unlike previous Church councils, this one was not convened in order to combat a heresy in the Church. IV, n. 16, cum notis 12 et 15. They ought to fulfill this duty in such a way that it will be the principal means also of their own sanctification. "God is love, and he who abides in love, abides in God and God in Him". Pius l II, Const. 13:1; cf. The profession of the evangelical counsels, then, appears as a sign which can and ought to attract all the members of the Church to an effective and prompt fulfillment of the duties of their Christian vocation. 6. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. Lc. Lumen Gentium, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, November 21, 1964. IV 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. 4, 34; Io. Pius XII, Nuntius radioph. (282), THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, MOTHER OF GOD IN THE MYSTERY OF CHRIST AND THE CHURCH, 52. Let them assiduously keep away from whatever, either by word or deed, could lead separated brethren or any other into error regarding the true doctrine of the Church. 341, 9, 11: PL 39, 1499 s. S. Io. (3) Cfr. Magisterial Documents: Lumen Gentium 8 Dogmatic Constitution on the Church November 21, 1964. 65, 1: PG 59, 361. Ioannes XXIII, Alloc. Lumen Gentium represents an important synthesis of Biblical, Patristic, medieval and Tridentine ecclesiology, combined with orthodox elements of the new theological movement. (19) Cfr. (47*), 26. 9, 3: PG 62, 72. idymus Alex., Trin. In the first place amongst these there are the Muslims, who, professing to hold the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind. L. 2, 9, 23: PG 93, 894 B. Trid., Decr. 3, ad 1. For the distinction which the Lord made between sacred ministers and the rest of the People of God bears within it a certain union, since pastors and the other faithful are bound to each other by a mutual need. The faithful, therefore, must learn the deepest meaning and the value of all creation, as well as its role in the harmonious praise of God. 1839 (3074). (59*) Their power, therefore, is not destroyed by the supreme and universal power, but on the contrary it is affirmed, strengthened and vindicated by it,(60*) since the Holy Spirit unfailingly preserves the form of government established by Christ the Lord in His Church. Indeed they have an obligation to so strive. (13*) It is supremely fitting, therefore, that we love those friends and coheirs of Jesus Christ, who are also our brothers and extraordinary benefactors, that we render due thanks to God for them (14*) and "suppliantly invoke them and have recourse to their prayers, their power and help in obtaining benefits from God through His Son, Jesus Christ, who is our Redeemer and Saviour. Dogm. Pius XII, Alloc. Lumen . The Church thus portrays Christ in contemplation on the mountain, in His proclamation of the kingdom of God to the multitudes, in His healing of the sick and maimed, in His work of converting sinners to a better life, in His solicitude for youth and His goodness to all men, always obedient to the will of the Father who sent Him. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. 60. The Lord Jesus set it on its course by preaching the Good News, that is, the coming of the Kingdom of God, which, for centuries, had been promised in the Scriptures: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand"(18). The Word of the Lord is compared to a seed which is sown in a field;(19) those who hear the Word with faith and become part of the little flock of Christ,(20) have received the Kingdom itself. Phil. The Church continually keeps before it the warning of the Apostle which moved the faithful to charity, exhorting them to experience personally what Christ Jesus had known within Himself. This dogmatic constitution was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 21 November 1964, following approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,151 to 5. This is the one Church of Christ which in the Creed is professed as one, holy, catholic and apostolic, (12*) which our Saviour, after His Resurrection, commissioned Peter to shepherd,(74) and him and the other apostles to extend and direct with authority,(75) which He erected for all ages as "the pillar and mainstay of the truth". Ambrosiascr In I Tim. Clearly from earliest times the Blessed Virgin is honored under the title of Mother of God, under whose protection the faithful took refuge in all their dangers and necessities. Leo XIII, Epist. (64) Cfr. 710 ct 724 ss. Second Sunday of the Year. That discernment in matters of faith is aroused and sustained by the Spirit of truth. (72) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis in praefatione. 66. 2: Denz. He directs it with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns it with his fruits. (161) To fulfill this mission, Christ the Lord promised the Holy Spirit to the Apostles, and on Pentecost day sent the Spirit from heaven, by whose power they would be witnesses to Him before the nations and peoples and kings even to the ends of the earth. 20, 25-27; 2 Tim. (9) S. Hieronymus, Epist. He sees Matthew as using antithetical parallelism contrasting the two gates, the two ways, sheep and Since these duties, so very necessary to the life of the Church, can be fulfilled only with difficulty in many regions in accordance with the discipline of the Latin Church as it exists today, the diaconate can in the future be restored as a proper and permanent rank of the hierarchy. (70) Cfr. 1: col. 1068 C. - S. Sophronius, Or. ier., 1, 2: PG 3, 372 D. (67) Cfr. Vatican II document, Lumen Gentium . Since this is so, the spiritual life of these people should then be devoted to the welfare of the whole Church. . S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. Lumen Gentium, Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, changed how the church thinks about the laity, holiness, baptism, and even the nature and purpose of the church itself. Its law is the new commandment to love as Christ loved us. 62. Strengthened in Holy Communion by the Body of Christ, they then manifest in a concrete way that unity of the people of God which is suitably signified and wondrously brought about by this most august sacrament. By divine institution Holy Church is ordered and governed with a wonderful diversity. Consequently, may every opportunity be given them so that, according to their abilities and the needs of the times, they may zealously participate in the saving work of the Church. His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. 302 (600-601) . I: Mansi 52, 1213 AC. S. Ignatius M., ad phes. 78, 18: PG 42, 728 CD; 729 AB. Modus 81. By. "(84) By the power of the risen Lord it is given strength that it might, in patience and in love, overcome its sorrows and its challenges, both within itself and from without, and that it might reveal to the world, faithfully though darkly, the mystery of its Lord until, in the end, it will be manifested in full light. 5 et 6. Ps.-Petrus Dam. (22) Before all things, however, the Kingdom is clearly visible in the very Person of Christ, the Son of God and the Son of Man, who came "to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many:"(23). Hom. (16) Cfr. Serm. Pius XII, Litt. It is evident that this "communion" was applied in the Church's life according to the circumstances of the time, before it was codified as law. Inst. There are also those who . Lumen gentium 16 fits into a totally different context. Summary Introduction The primary statement of Lumen Gentium's introduction is that it intends to proceed "following faithfully the teaching of previous councils."(LG, 1) Chapter 1 - The Mystery of the Church The Church is endowed with the Holy Spirit and was constituted by Christ in the present era. With it He set up a covenant. Chapter I - The Mystery of the Church 1. (1) Missale Romanum, Gloria in excelsis. (42*) And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. As St. Ambrose taught, the Mother of God is a type of the Church in the order of faith, charity and perfect union with Christ. N.B. (10) Cfr. It has been argued that, in fact, all the | Can., c. 1327; c. 13S0 2. Finally, Christian spouses, in virtue of the sacrament of Matrimony, whereby they signify and partake of the mystery of that unity and fruitful love which exists between Christ and His Church,(108) help each other to attain to holiness in their married life and in the rearing and education of their children. However, until there shall be new heavens and a new earth in which justice dwells,(243) the pilgrim Church in her sacraments and institutions, which pertain to this present time, has the appearance of this world which is passing and she herself dwells among creatures who groan and travail in pain until now and await the revelation of the sons of God.(244). 3, 7. (150) He incorporates new members in His Body by a heavenly regeneration, and finally by their wisdom and prudence He directs and guides the People of the New Testament in their pilgrimage toward eternal happiness. All these things, however, were done by way of preparation and as a figure of that new and perfect covenant, which was to be ratified in Christ, and of that fuller revelation which was to be given through the Word of God Himself made flesh. 5, 19-20; 7, 21-22; 25 41-46; Iac., 2, 14. Palladius, Historia Lausiaca: PG 34, 995 ss. Officii 20 dec. 1949: AAS 42 (1950) p.142. 3 Denz. 3; Trall. Let them follow the example of Christ, who by His obedience even unto death, opened to all men the blessed way of the liberty of the children of God. Satis cognitium, 29 iun. (252) We strive therefore to please God in all things(253) and we put on the armor of God, that we may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil and resist in the evil day. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. 4. Modus 40 and the statements on canonical mission (n. 24). Thus it is evident to everyone, that all the faithful of Christ of whatever rank or status, are called to the fullness of the Christian life and to the perfection of charity;(4*) by this holiness as such a more human manner of living is promoted in this earthly society. The Commission has decided to preface the assessment of the Modi with the following general observations. His plan was to raise men to a participation of the divine life. 896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 732. Such a multiple and miraculous growth augments both the progress of the members of these various religious families themselves and the welfare of the entire Body of Christ. Eph. Modus 57. (116), 13. Satis cognitum, 29 iun. Paul's priorities map closely with those of the Second Vatican Council, which was ongoing at the time he wrote the encyclical, and many of the themes introduced in the encyclical are further elaborated in the documents of the council, such as Lumen Gentium on the nature of the church, Gaudium et Spes on the relationship between the church and . In this way, the holiness of the People of God will grow into an abundant harvest of good, as is admirably shown by the life of so many saints in Church history. Pius XI, Litt. (22) Cfr. This can be realized through prayer or active works of the apostolate. 100-1O1, n. 49. Marc. Indeed, in order that love, as good seed may grow and bring forth fruit in the soul, each one of the faithful must willingly hear the Word of God and accept His Will, and must complete what God has begun by their own actions with the help of God's grace. Maximum illud: AAS 11 (1919) p. 440, Pius XI. Encycl. They should ever nourish and strengthen their action from an abundance of contemplation, doing all this for the comfort of the entire Church of God. Likewise, the holiness of the Church is fostered in a special way by the observance of the counsels proposed in the Gospel by Our Lord to His disciples. Nic. (58) Benedictus XIV, Br. (1*) While it transcends all limits of time and confines of race, the Church is destined to extend to all regions of the earth and so enters into the history of mankind. Indeed Christ, the Son of God, who with the Father and the Spirit is praised as "uniquely holy," (1*) loved the Church as His bride, delivering Himself up for her. 2:6; Col. 2:12 etc. (16*) This, however, is to be so understood that it neither takes away from nor adds anything to the dignity and efficaciousness of Christ the one Mediator.(17*). 2, 665 et 4, 1071); Conc. (290), 58. Ps. [AR - BE - CS - DE - EN - ES - FR - IT - HU - LA - LV - PT - SW - ZH]. They should raise all of society, and even creation itself, to a better mode of existence. Can. (7) Cfr. This inauguration and this growth are both symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of a crucified Jesus,(5) and are foretold in the words of the Lord referring to His death on the Cross: "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things to myself". They must follow in His footsteps and conform themselves to His image seeking the will of the Father in all things. (10*). This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, even . S. Hilarius Pict., In Ps. It begs aid and grace from God for them by its public prayer. 28:16-20; Mk. Until the Lord shall come in His majesty, and all the angels with Him (266) and death being destroyed, all things are subject to Him,(277) some of His disciples are exiles on earth, some having died are purified, and others are in glory beholding "clearly God Himself triune and one, as He is";(1*) but all in various ways and degrees are in communion in the same charity of God and neighbor and all sing the same hymn of glory to our God. 1944: AAS 36 (1944) p. 137. 3, 2: col. 1388 C. S. Andrcas Cret. (149)(16*), 21. 2S: Mansi 33, 171-172. Mich. 5:2-3; Mt. (101) The baptized, by regeneration and the anointing of the Holy Spirit, are consecrated as a spiritual house and a holy priesthood, in order that through all those works which are those of the Christian man they may offer spiritual sacrifices and proclaim the power of Him who has called them out of darkness into His marvelous light. Hom. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Gaudium et Spes, Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World, December 7, 1965. 840 (1580). While Christ, holy, innocent and undefiled(81) knew nothing of sin,(82) but came to expiate only the sins of the people,(83) the Church, embracing in its bosom sinners, at the same time holy and always in need of being purified, always follows the way of penance and renewal. Funk, I, p. 265 s.; 282; 232 246 s. S. Io.Chrysostomus, In Matth. 8, a. 4 ad 3. CONDENSER'S INTRODUCTON . L. VIII, cap. Encycl. In connection with the prophetic function is that state of life which is sanctified by a special sacrament obviously of great importance, namely, married and family life. 16. 1956: AAS 48 (1956) p. 574 s. (5) Cfr. For from Him the whole body, being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system, according to the functioning in due measure of each single part, derives its increase to the building up of itself in love".(190). A totally different context 574 s. 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