For this example, youll use CKAsset to store the note text. But ideally, we would have a single place directly in the Photos app where my friends and I can share our photos with each other. However, Apple strongly urges developers to use the operations rather than the convenience methods. Its fair to say iCloud got off to a bit of a rocky start. Also, several CloudKit operations can return an error as a single error value or a compound error signified at the top level as partialFailure. Since this is a first example of using an operation, here are a couple of general observations: First, all CloudKit operations have custom completion closures (and many have intermediate closures, depending on the operation). When a record is shared, a share link is sent to the recipient user in the form of a URL. directly to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Now, you should see a Button with Label("Delete", systemImage: "trash"). Before an app can take advantage of CloudKit sharing, the CKSharingSupported key needs to be added to the project Info.plist file with a Boolean value of true. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. If a match returns, this object is already shared. In Core Data, we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. Photos also allows me to view the participants on the album. With this code in place, navigate back to DestinationDetailView.swift to present CloudSharingView. that I've added to bring up the sharing controller. Otherwise, use fetchShares(matching:) to see if you have objects matching the objectID in question. Last, open HomeView.swift and look for the swipeActions modifier. Theres just one catch: This controller is a UIKit controller, and your app is SwiftUI. See that data now exists at the bottom in the Participants section. And I'd like to show you one specific call site in the MainViewController, where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. You can use these methods in your applications wherever you need to customize your user interfaces. of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. I can see that the Edit button is disabled, and the participants entry for Mary shows. Heather, Jermaine, Percy, and Mary are all test accounts I regularly work with when I'm building sharing features. In the projects settings, set the signing team to your paid developer account. However, to allow other users to interact with this data, you need to update your NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. Since CloudKits notifications are built on top of the iOS notification system, you have to be on the lookout for these conditions. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. Here I've chosen four friends to share the photo with. How can I change a sentence based upon input to a command? and operate on the objects I share with them. For your Note app, you can use the default container. The CKFetchRecordsOperation operates on one or more records at a time. Our users need all of that information so that they can make good decisions about the objects they choose to share. Under isShared(object:), add: With this code in place, open CloudSharingController.swift and add the following code to cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:): Thats it! In many cases, it can infer where records belong based on the relationship they have to other objects. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? Let's see that in action. Youll build this action in this tutorial. When the dialog asks whether you would like to open the invitation, choose Open. The app designer is always in the best position to define rules for these situations, which can include everything from context-aware automatic merging to user-directed resolution instructions. Change the permission to View only. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). Although this adds complexity to the client, its ultimately a far better solution than having Apple come up with one of a few server-side mechanisms for conflict resolution. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones and automatically assigns records to them. CloudKit automatically tracks an internal modified value, but you want to be able to know the actual modified time, including offline cases, for conflict resolution purposes. For example, a user may have made edits on one device while in airplane mode, and then absent-mindedly made different edits on another device before turning airplane mode off on the first device. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. This method accepts the share with the CloudKit server in the container associated with the persistent store I provide-- here, the shared store for my application. I've already modified it to support sharing posts with different iCloud users. From here, you store a reference to CKShare that returns from the share method. I'm going to start by launching my application on Jermaine's device and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner to create a new post. When you create a destination, the data is being persisted via Core Data locally in your app. Apple has been adding data sharing into many of its first-party apps, including: Files Reminders Notes Calendar Photos Activities Find My Maps Music Health The code above stores a reference to each store when its loaded. Download the starter project by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of this tutorial. With NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, applications can operate on shared objects from any Apple device. Customizations like this necessarily require more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. However, network conditions and performance constraints can cause individual notifications to be dropped, or multiple notifications to intentionally coalesce into a single client notification. A paid developer account To use CloudKit. just as they can in the zones that I own. to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to support sharing. The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. Users may not be signed in, they may have disabled CloudKit for the app, they may be in airplane modethe list of exceptions goes on. Then, it sets the persistent store based on the scope. And finally, we'll briefly discuss how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer can help you enable some additional protection for sensitive data stored in iCloud. Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. whether or not to convert the title of a post. After the share is accepted, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer automatically syncs all of the shared objects into the local store. CloudKit sharing is made possible primarily by the CKShare class. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device as well. So let's look at how I've changed my application to communicate these states and privileges. CloudKit prefixes your entities with CD to distinguish them from traditional CloudKit records. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. Apple added sharing to CloudKit. An object that represents activity in a persistent CloudKit container. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. To edit or update the caption or description, tap the destination cell to see the detail screen. I've already saved Heather and Mary in my address book. Tapping this button removes a destination from your travel journal. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images that other users can view and, if desired, contribute to. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. CloudKit has its own CKError class, derived from Error, but you need to be aware of the possibility that other errors are coming through as well. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. into instances of CKRecord that are stored in CloudKit. CloudKit organizes data via a hierarchy of classes: CKContainer, CKDatabase, CKRecordZone, and CKRecord. Also, CloudKit provides a specific record type for large binary objects. First off, you need to make sure youre starting from a valid CKRecord. But ideally, we would have a single place. Specify record type as CD_Destination. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. The first change I had to make was to tell NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to mirror the .shared CloudKit database to a new persistent store. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. For example, this user may have a private zone. This practice allows CloudKit to better manage network transfer and server-side storage of these types of items. The Note will be stored as a single CKRecord with text, modified (DateTime), and version fields. The prior version of the record you tried to save. Tapping that brings up the set of participants. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. Under the Schema section, select Indexes. we think of our objects in terms of NSManagedObject. Then setup deeplinking for your app. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? These values are decrypted locally on device after they're downloaded from the CloudKit server, and they're encrypted locally on device before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. Under isShared(object:), add the following methods: These methods return a Boolean based on the objects permissions. These silent pushes happen entirely without user visibility or interaction, and as a result, dont require the user to enable push notification for your app, saving you many potential user-experience headaches as an app developer. Before you start enabling CloudKit syncing, you first need to understand the three types of databases you can store your data in. Here, youll add the code to accept the share. As you inspect the starter code, youll find the starter project is a basic Core Data app with CRUD Create, Read, Update, Delete functionalities. CloudKit provides you ready to use data sharing API that allows you to implement collaborative features of your app without much effort. Sharing with one other person is interesting, Each of these participants will be able to access. A general guideline is to use com.company_name.bundle_identifier. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. Finally, one of the most important aspects of any operation is the qualityOfService value. This might not always be the best outcome for professional apps, but its not bad for a first rule and, for this purpose, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which CloudKit passes conflict information back to the client. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Within this handler, the CKShare object must be created and saved as outlined in the previous section. where I needed to know whether or not an object is shared. Here I used isShared to decide whether or not to convert the title of a post to an attributed string and prefix it with the person.circle symbol to show that the post is part of a share. ), add the following methods: these methods in your app post I created on Jermaine 's is! To understand the three types of items and Mary in my address book specific record type for large binary.... 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