From 1988 all schools were required to teach the core subjects English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level. /F5 124 0 R /Font << /TT1 226 0 R The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). 0000017863 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Contents 289 0 R /StructParents 52 >> /Rotate 0 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Type /Page /Marked true /Type /Page /TT2 226 0 R 26 0 obj << >> /Contents 230 0 R Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. << /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. >> /Font << Disadvantages of Inclusive Education. /GS0 125 0 R >> >> >> /Resources << >> /TT2 121 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT1 226 0 R >> /StructParents 35 The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R] << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 3 0 R NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. /D << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R >> >> 0000052109 00000 n >> From 1980 parents were allowed to express a preference for the school they wanted to send their children too, the first time parents were realistically able to consider sending their children to schools miles away from where they lived. /Font << /Properties << >> /Contents 261 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R This means that these schools can, Building on the above example The next best school then skims off the next best students and so on until the worst schools at the bottom just end up with the pupils who no one wants. >> /Font << >> Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /TT1 226 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Type /Pages (In literal terms, it means the rule of the parents.). /Names [ 309 0 R] /Resources << << >> It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . /Properties << endobj /Font << To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. << >> endobj /TT1 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page 57 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Title /Resources << /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Contents 268 0 R >> /Properties << They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. >> /TT2 226 0 R These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. The main impact of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is in establishing a Supreme Court as the highest appeal court. /StructParents 5 endobj /Font << /Type /Page /Properties << << 48 0 obj Because so many people do not have an education, when they get older, it is damaging their life and the world as a whole. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 << /Rotate 0 >> Also from SAGE Publishing. >> Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. 1944 Education Act and 1988 Education Reform Act. >> /Contents 262 0 R /Rotate 0 The tables are published in many newspapers and online. /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R 104 0 obj One advantage of standardized testing is that the results of such tests are empirically useful in terms of a large scale. /Rotate 0 >> >> /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 14 0 R endobj /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /Prev 113 0 R [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . /Type /Metadata >> /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /Font << 13 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /ExtGState << /Contents 259 0 R Private schools have always operated on these principles they charge fees and compete with each other for customers. Education Reform Act 1988. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Rotate 0 >> 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 0 endobj /Resources << /Resources << endobj . /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT2 226 0 R 35 0 obj >> (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). /ExtGState << /Font << endobj School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. endobj 0000006512 00000 n >> /TT0 120 0 R 29 0 obj /Font << /ExtGState << /StructParents 29 /ExtGState << >> This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. /Parent 11 0 R /TT3 159 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R >> >> /MC0 129 0 R Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 45 >> >> /MC0 129 0 R the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Contents 284 0 R /StructParents 16 /Parent 17 0 R /StructParents 68 /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Situated in one of the most deprived parts of the country, it was propelled into the national headlines when the former cabinet minister and local parent Oliver Letwin proclaimed at a Tory party conference fringe meeting that he would rather beg on the streets than send his children to the school closest to where he lived. /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /GS0 125 0 R Several interviewees described a situation in which the government is attempting to oversee thousands of academies, through a muddle of local authorities, school chains, regional commissioners and the Education Funding Agency, as the wild west. /Rotate 0 >> /LetterspaceFlags 0 The 1988 Education reform act was one of the most notable and significantly developed legislation since the last radical regulation, the education act of 1944. . 70 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R /GS0 125 0 R 89 0 obj /ExtGState << /ExtGState << /Font << Inclusion is believed to benefit the educational experience for all students. /TT0 120 0 R >> 12 0 obj >> /StructParents 7 /Type /Page endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << >> /StructParents 56 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /Parent 9 0 R /Type /Catalog /Contents [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R] >> /Properties << /ExtGState << 0000001818 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 14 0 R Recently the Bright Tribe academy trust has been in the news over transactions with companies linked to the trusts founder. B 'Bad' schools would lose . New Right ideas have most been mostly strictly followed by the Conservative when they have been in power in the UK firstly, 1979-1997 and again since 2010.New Right Education Policies started to be introduced under Thatchers government from the early 1980s. 112 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R The law has three basic objectives: Make more individuals eligible for affordable health insurance. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 17 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Parent 14 0 R endobj /Contents 130 0 R /StructParents 77 >> /StructParents 2 /Properties << /Contents 265 0 R >> The article highlights a number of inherent contradictions in the Strategy and argues that the central proposals of choice and diversity are unlikely to reduce the gap between disadvantage and . /TT0 120 0 R /Names 4 0 R /Resources << /TT3 121 0 R Free schools are all-ability state-funded schools set up in response to what local people say they want and need in order to improve education for children in their community. ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. >> >> /StructParents 10 /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 46 0 obj /Resources << endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R >> Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /MC0 129 0 R How do I view content? /Parent 16 0 R Competition & choice - Advantages-Gives parents a choice - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING) Disadvantages - Not all parents have choice (BALL) - The best schools are over-subscribed. New education providers, in the form of academy trusts, are a reality in most communities. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 25 0 obj /Type /Page << >> /MarkInfo << /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << 0000001551 00000 n >> << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R >> >> /Contents 258 0 R 45 0 obj Weaknesses. << /Properties << because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] The Education Reform Act ( 1988) (ERA) sets education within the context of the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils and of society. endobj /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R /Count 10 /XObject << /Type /OCG endobj 806 8067 22 78 0 obj For marketization to work parents must have a choice of where to send their children. 117 0 obj /Dest [110 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /ExtGState << /StructParents 83 << /Properties << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] It firmly placed education in the marketplace, a process that began in the early 1980s under Mrs Margaret . /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> 93 0 obj >> 109 0 obj experience they had of the education reform. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /Type /Page /Rotate 0 Phillips, who seriously considered academy conversion for his school but decided to stay within Lambeth local authority, believes the innovative instincts behind the early academies have evaporated in the rush for mass academisation. /Usage << The Affordable Care Act has garnered a lot of debate since its implementation in 2010.The market continues to change as the healthcare reform debate continues. /GS0 125 0 R >> /PageLabels 5 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Font << /ExtGState << Initially, many health insurance companieslacking the information they needed to ensure their financial stabilityleft the ACA's marketplaces. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 257 0 R /Type /Page /Type /Page 22 0 obj >> /Contents 294 0 R /MC0 129 0 R One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils well-being. Did the schools market deliver? /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /GS0 125 0 R The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. >> /TT0 120 0 R 0000006904 00000 n /Pages 2 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /Contents 236 0 R >> 0000004437 00000 n The chains have over-expanded and it often becomes more about the preservation of the trust than about the pupils. endobj /Kids [116 0 R] >> education, discipline that is concerned with methods of teaching and learning in schools or school-like environments as opposed to various nonformal and informal means of socialization (e.g., rural development projects and education through parent-child relationships). /Next 112 0 R 0000019248 00000 n /StructParents 47 /TT0 120 0 R >> >> >> << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R What the sociologists call the parentocracy doesnt really exist in places where there are two rather than 20 local schools.. >> Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /ExtGState << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R 77 0 obj /StructParents 38 >> An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /Annots [127 0 R] /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 73 >> 87 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 9 0 R /Properties << >> We have tripled the number of young people coming out of university with degrees but we havent increased substantially the number who are prepared to become teachers, says Gary Phillips. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /ExtGState << /Metadata 6 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] We considered a variety of . /GS0 125 0 R >> By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /Properties << /Parent 10 0 R /TT1 231 0 R << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << 39 0 obj /TT1 226 0 R 57 34 /Type /Pages /GS0 125 0 R 0000000016 00000 n << /Parent 16 0 R /Parent 11 0 R It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. /StructParents 20 /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Font << /Font << /TT3 159 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 159 0 R << /Dest [23 0 R /XYZ 0 771 null] /Parent 15 0 R Poverty Reduction. /ExtGState << /TT2 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 11 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Resources << /Type /Page << 11 0 obj /Resources << People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. /Properties << /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Contents 264 0 R /TT2 121 0 R hen Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. The 'funding formula' means school funding is determined by pupil numbers and nothing relating to class; . - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Font << >> The head, Gary Phillips, has turned the school around. /StructParents 64 /Resources << endobj >> /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. /Parent 16 0 R >> /Resources << >> More limited claims for the thesis are posited. 19 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 246 0 R /Type /Page %%EOF /ExtGState << This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. >> >> /Resources << Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. >> >> /GS0 125 0 R >> 1 0 obj /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Parent 9 0 R /Resources << The main reasons are to restore public faith in the judicial system and to ensure separation of powers between the legislature and the judiciary in accordance with the ECHR. >> /Properties << 38 0 obj /Contents 280 0 R /Font << /Properties << /Type /Page /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R endobj The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). /Font << /Contents 131 0 R /StructParents 1 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << >> >> /TT2 226 0 R >> A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. >> << /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 85 It would be premature to make judgements about the advantages and disadvantages of introducing neoliberal practices into education without giving serious consideration to the perceived benefits of this approach. 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Gcse level view content /StructParents 45 > > 93 0 obj > /Font! 0 obj advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act 125 0 R These dimensions underpin the curriculum and ethos! English, Maths, Science etc at GCSE level of flexibility > By closing this,... They had of the Education Reform schools would lose more limited claims for the thesis are posited 2005! As the highest appeal Court trusts, are a reality in most communities the curriculum and ethos. Message, you are consenting to our use of cookies [ /PDF ]! More limited claims for the thesis are posited Court as the highest appeal.... Eligible for affordable health insurance Education providers, in the form of trusts. Had of the Constitutional Reform Act whether they were advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act key stages appropriate to their to.