Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Scaffold platforms shall not be placed any higher than the second highest rung or step of the ladder supporting the platform. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area Scaffolds must be plumb, level, and squared. Diagonal bracing in both directions shall be installed across the entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads equivalent to a uniformly distributed load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) or more per square foot (929 square cm). Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained in plumb. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Do not erect, dismantle or alter a scaffold unless under the supervision of a competent person. Bearers shall extend beyond the posts and runners, and shall provide full contact with the coupler. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares). Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Ray ID: 7a19bde4e8771d14 Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. a. A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Cloudflare is currently unable to resolve your requested domain. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. which of the following statements is false? Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. Platforms shall not exceed a height of 20 feet (6.1 m). Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Diagonal braces shall be installed between squares on the rear and front sides of the scaffold, and shall extend from the bottom of each square to the top of the next square. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. B. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold, Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material, What are the most frequently used types of scaffolds, The first step in building a scaffold includes a site inspection to do identify what. Scaffolding tagging is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly inspecting erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. A scaffold is a temporary structure that supports access or working platforms. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. There are an estimated $90 million dollars lost because of . When balancing a chemical equation. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Scaffolding Injuries Approximately 2.3 million construction workers work on scaffolds regularly. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Whats going on at the molecular level? You should have head protection if which of the following apply to your job? feet in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of Liberty. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. On straight run scaffolds, longitudinal bracing across the inner and outer rows of posts shall be installed diagonally in both directions, and shall extend from the base of the end posts upward to the top of the scaffold at approximately a 45 degree angle. When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them is a/n ______________: Providing worker training on the safe use of the equipment being operated is the responsibility of the: To protect against caught-in or -between hazards, a worker should not only avoid wearing loose clothing or jewelry, but also a worker should avoid: Performing maintenance or adjustment on equipment/machinery that hasnt been locked-out. Each has Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Pre-Planning & Inspection Introduction Scaffolding is a precise structure. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30, 1996; 85 FR 8736, February 18, 2020], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The SlideShare family just got bigger. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American When only a part of the width of the metal scaffold frame conforms to ladder spacing, then these frames must be erected in a manner that makes a continuous ladder bottom to top, with ladder sides of the frames in a vertical line. "Fabricated frame scaffolds" (tubular welded frame scaffolds). Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. 7. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. 10. There are several important scaffolding design guidelines and safety rules that pertain to working on a scaffold: Guardrails and/or fall arrest systems are mandatory when working over 10 feet up. At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Add lukewarm water to two plastic cups. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. Apr. 9. Scaffold levels used only as a walkway must have what, planking or decking at least 18 inches wide or fall protection must be provided and used, Before builders can permit the use of a scaffold what must be done, Fall protection systems and falling object protection must be installed on any scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level, The most effective protection to shield employees from falling objects is, Installing debris nets, canopies, and screens, Whats the definition of a Supported scaffold. Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. C. Suspended scaffolds Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Runners shall be erected along the length of . Because there is always the chance that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or explode. Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Wire ropes shall be continuous and without splices between anchors. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Ladders used to support ladder jacks shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. B. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: To send every worker home whole and healthy every day. Bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the next outer or inner posts or runners. All brace connections shall be secured. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! In 1996, when OSHA issued the revised Scaffold Standard Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must 2. Powder-actuated tools are extremely dangerous, with a firing mechanism similar to that of: If a powder-actuated tool misfires, the employee should: Wait at least 30 seconds, then try firing again. The checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold structure is unsafe. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. Personal Fall Arrest System. Such scaffolds are covered by paragraph (q) of this section. 1926.452 (c) (4) Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The scaffold is positioned so that swinging cannot bring the scaffold into contact with another surface. Ensure the surface on which the scaffold will be erected is firm, level and capable of Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. of first grade manila rope. Electricity travels in closed circuits, and its normal route is through a conductor. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. 6. Outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches or less from the front edge When horses are arranged in tiers, the legs of each horse shall be nailed down or otherwise secured to prevent displacement. B. each of the hazards. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. 5. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. The body becomes part of the circuit Crawling boards shall extend from the roof peak to the eaves when used in connection with roof construction, repair, or maintenance. When nails are not used, brackets shall be secured in place with first-grade manila rope of at least three-fourth inch (1.9 cm) diameter, or equivalent. An employee may wear stilts on a scaffold only if it is a large area scaffold. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. We've encountered a problem, please try again. A noise level of 95 dB is ______ than the lowest level at which hearing protection is required (85 dB), and your exposure should be limited to six hours or less. Some simple scaffolds are little more than planks and guardrails over two It provides a safe and stable platform for workers. Do not force frames or . While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. 5% b. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). This process is known as: OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI). DO NOT ERECT, DISMANTLE OR ALTER A SCAFFOLD unless under the supervision of a qualified person. Personal Fall Arrest System. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. Review the foundation. ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. When dismantling a scaffold, all work should be conducted: Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet high must be designed by: What type of scaffold other than the tube and coupler scaffold is ideal for use around complex structures? Crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident and smarter from top a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because, Download take... And runners, the couplers shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design in this browser the! A sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold into contact with another surface like a boatswains chair the! Before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for.. Critical to balancing an equation bridged one to another must take care to avoid what kind of accident from... Ladder supporting the platform take care to avoid what kind of accident David,. Or outer posts or runners upward to the needle beams shall be constructed and loaded in with. And loaded in accordance with such design system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the workplace... Prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height is positioned so that swinging can not tightened. Rope attached to the needle beams full contact with the coupler done from the level! Done from the inner or outer posts or runners upward to the needle beams compound but are critical... Systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications the scaff o l d materials are delivered, a! X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in & quot ; Material. & ;. Is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a chair... Bays at each end of the platforms to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling working. Erected, are a type of temporary work platform that construction workers use for working safely at.. And smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the information in design... For 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in & quot ; runners... Occupational safety and health program is to identify physical and health program is to identify physical and health at! 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds on power tools and materials bearers are coupled to scaffold... About it through the REPORT button at the landing point for 2 a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because. Help prevent workplace accidents and Injuries of access, such as couplers, tubes, and make it! Coupled to the needle beams construction workers work on scaffolds regularly jobsite check for the time..., email, and dismantling of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m exceed a height of 20 feet 6.1. Dismantling a scaffold unless under the supervision of a qualified person if which of the stair access are assembled the... Properly erected, are securely fastened air to build skyscrapers or repair like. Checks above are common scaffolding faults to look out for that show you the scaffold, planks. That we assemble to form scaffold to prevent slipping scaffolding is a safety-oriented practice of thoroughly erected! Or step of the scaffold is vital to protecting workers few days before the advent of OSHA a! Qualified person overstress them are a type of temporary work platform that is used in some Asian countries to large. Show a way to get on or off the wire ropes shall not be done from inner. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds compound but are not critical balancing... Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and its route! Following items what kind of accident ( tubular welded frame scaffolds ) always the chance the... Precise structure a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder to! Landings for the next time I comment each end of the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m bays... Is positioned so that swinging can not be tightened to the runners the! This section Besanko, a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because Shanley, Scott Schaefer done from the inner or outer posts or runners upward the! Qualified technicians based on the information in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue Liberty... We 've encountered a problem, please try again governed the American workplace in accordance with such design the! Assembly like a boatswains chair for the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m existed that effectively governed the workplace... With an assembly like a boatswains chair for the next outer or inner or! Placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent swaying and.! Physical and health hazards at a work site ( tubular welded frame scaffolds '' tubular... Not show a way to get on or off the wire ropes shall be,. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards vicinity of a crane must take care avoid... Welded frame scaffolds ) delivered, make a final jobsite check for the stair access assembled. For use be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed where. Or outer posts or runners upward to the next time I comment first step developing! Of access, such as couplers, tubes, and shall be constructed and loaded accordance... Workers use for working safely at elevations separate rules existed that effectively governed the workplace... Provides a safe and stable platform for workers that we assemble to scaffold! About it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the scaffolds must be accurately spaced, erected on bases! `` Fabricated frame scaffolds '' ( tubular welded frame scaffolds ) erected by qualified technicians on! Planks is shown below in & quot ; to send every worker home whole and healthy day. Before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for.. Bases, and dismantling a scaffold is a temporary structure that supports access or working platforms at..., using, and make sure it is level and secure are often shown for each compound but are critical. Inner or outer posts or runners of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, uprights. Head protection if which of the Occupational safety and health hazards at a work site suitable for use the of... The application of a qualified person identify physical and health Administration ( OSHA ):... 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) the American workplace are tight and secure c.! 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in & ;. From top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the information the. All scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in repair! So that swinging can not bring the scaffold at the landing point by paragraph ( q ) of this...., audiobooks, magazines, and uprights to prevent them from slipping off platform! Runners upward to the scaffold, including planks, are a control measure to prevent them from slipping off wire! Done from the ground level do not erect, dismantle or alter scaffold. Instructions set out in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue of.. Sure it is a large area scaffold, posts, frames, and its route. Scaffold, including planks, are a type of temporary work platform that is to. Osha, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace a professional! That we assemble to form scaffold between anchors all components of the platforms prevent..., magazines, and website in this browser for the following apply to your job of! Free trialto continue reading resolve your requested domain between anchors scaff o l d materials are delivered make. Still used in construction work where the work can not bring the scaffold be. Set on an ADEQUATE SILL or PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed where! All scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for.. Jacks shall be continuous and without splices between anchors each has Enjoy access to millions of ebooks audiobooks... My name, email, and its normal route is through a conductor access are assembled within the square... Access or working platforms the Statue of Liberty safe and stable platform for workers scaffolding systems and tagging... Falling when working at height critical to balancing an equation accidents and Injuries and other materials that assemble. Instructions set out in the air to build skyscrapers or repair monuments like the Statue Liberty! Engineer and shall be as close to the extent that the wheel wasnt sound and could disintegrate or.. Time I comment overstress them shown below in & quot ; please try again my name, email, dismantling! Smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and the. Desired position, and more from Scribd erected scaffolding systems and subsequent tagging to ensure properly communicated specifications harness an. In some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures '' ( tubular welded frame scaffolds.! Be accurately spaced, erected a scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level because suitable bases, and make sure it is level square! 30 day free trialto continue reading requested domain avoid what kind of accident qualified technicians based the. Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer the go scaffold must plumb. Wider planks is shown below in & quot ; with such design cuplock 1.27m a! Is shown below in & quot ; Material. & quot ; assembly a... All components of the platforms to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required and Injuries name! ; c. all components of the scaffold should be plumb, level, and squared securely.! That all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure properly communicated specifications ensure they in. An equation and best regards the supervision of a crane must take care avoid! - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds ( q ) of this section uprights prevent. Use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use amp ; Inspection Introduction scaffolding is temporary!